Religion, Nationalism, and Terror

Ira Moskowitz, Giddy about killing, Haaretz, December 28, 2007

There is a well-known Talmudic story suggesting that any celebration of victory should be tempered when it comes at the cost of human life. In this story, God scolds the angels for bursting into song after the Israelites’ miraculous crossing of the Red Sea, which then crashed down upon the Egyptians: “The work of my hands is drowning in the sea and you want to chant a song before me?”

The giggly banter on Army Radio about the killings in Gaza expresses the dehumanization of God’s handiwork, a process that has fueled wars throughout human history. After all, it is easier to kill our enemies if we regard them as less human.

In fact, most people must be trained to disregard the humanity of others in order to be capable of killing them, argues Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, a former U.S. Army paratrooper. In his book, “On Killing,” Grossman cites studies indicating that only 15-20 percent of American riflemen in World War II actually fired at the enemy in combat situations. His conclusion: “There is within most men an intense resistance to killing their fellow man.”

According to Grossman, the U.S. military developed sophisticated methods of training soldiers to overcome this instinctive aversion, and firing rates reached 90-95 percent among American combat soldiers in Vietnam. Part of this process, which he calls “psychological warfare conducted upon one’s own troops,” involved dehumanizing the enemy. This included replacing bull’s-eye targets in marksmanship training with man-shaped silhouettes, and screening films that desensitized recruits to violence and indoctrinated them with contempt for the enemy.